ABSTRACT
Acute pain was induced in 35 healthy volunteer males by cold pressor test (CPT) and pulmonary parameters - respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), inspiratory and expiratory reserve volume (IRV, ERV), inspiratory capacity (IC), vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory flow rate at 75, 50 and 25% of expired FVC (FEFR 75, 50 and 25%) were measured. Acute pain parameters like pain threshold, tolerance and sensitivity were also recorded. Besides these, the cardiovascular parameters - pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were also measured. Comparisons were made between values recorded before, during and after cold induced pain. There was a significant increase in cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters (RR, TV, IC, IRV, ERV, VC, FVC and FVC1) during the acute pain induced by CPT, reflecting an acute state of responses secondary to sympathetic challenge. The study indicates that alterations in pulmonary and cardiovascular profile form an integral part of multidimensional responses observed during cold induced acute pain.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted on 150 normal healthy subjects of different age groups of both sexes (belonging to Jammu region only) to find out the pattern of physiological variations in the levels of the thyroid hormones viz. T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone). The blood levels of T3, T4 and TSH of these subjects were found out by using radioimmunossay technique. The serum T3 and T4 levels decreased progressively with age with the highest levels being observed in children and lowest in the elderly. The serum T3 levels of males and females did not show any difference in any age group, whereas the mean serum T4 level in the adult females was more than that of adult male though the difference is statistically insignificant. There was, however, no difference between the serum T4 levels of males and females of children, adolescents and elderly groups. The mean serum TSH level was found to increase progressively with age and did not show any significant difference in males and females in any age group.
ABSTRACT
The study was carried out to test the effect of altered thyroid status on the autonomic reactivity in 60 subjects (age group 20-50 years). The para meters recorded and the tests used were pulse rate, blood pressure, orthostasis, cold pressor test, mental arithmetic and QTc interval for assessment of sympathetic activity and valsalva ratio, heart rate response, expiratory-inspiratory ratio (E.I. ratio), heart rate variability, standing-lying ratio (S.L. ratio) and 30: 15 ratio for assessment of parasympathetic activity. Our findings show that the changes in thyroid hormone levels - in both hypothyroids and hyperthyroids are associated with altered sympathetic reactivity, with no significant difference in the parasympathetic activity - in either hypothyroids or hyperthyroids- as compared to euthyroid controls.
ABSTRACT
The study was undertaken on 150 healthy human subjects of both the sexes in the age group of 18- 38 years to assess the effect of graded head-up tilt (HUT) and head-reverse tilt (HRT) on sympathetic nervous system Vs parasympathetic nervous system. The tilt positions used were 00, 300, 600, 300R and 00R. The parameters and test performed were pulse rate, blood pressure, cold pressor test, QTC interval, valsalva ratio and expiratory-inspiratory (E:I) ratio. On graded head-up tilt (600) pulse rate and diastolic blood pressure showed significant increase. Cold pressor test and QTc interval showed significant increase from 300 to 600 tilt. The valsalva and E:I ratios did not show any significant change on graded HUT. On reversal of tilt all the parameters showing significant increase returned to near pre-tilt values. These responses clearly indicate that graded HUT leads to decrease in parasympathetic reactivity but increase in sympathetic reactivity, which is more significant during higher tilt levels (300 to 600). On reversal of tilt both the parasympathetic reactivity and the sympathetic reactivity i.e. autonomic reactivity return to normal pre-tilt level.